Haggai probably had returned from the 70 year babylonian captivity with the first group to return in 537536 bc. Finally, the book gives predictions as to the downfall of. When god had a message for the people, he spoke through the prophets. Verse 6 is the only verse in the book of haggai quoted in the new testament. Haggai 1 niv a call to build the house of the lord bible. Bible survey haggai hebrew name chahggay festive joy greek name aggaeus greek form of the hebrew. The latter prophets follow psalms and the wisdom books in the greek septuagint, as well as our christian old testament of the bible. Haggai continually appeals to the lord as the source of his authority. These books narrate the origins of universe, the earth and mankind as well as the birth of the nation of. The old testament abbreviated ot is the first part of the christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the twentyfour books of the hebrew bible or tanakh, a collection of ancient religious hebrew writings by the israelites believed by most christians and religious jews to be the sacred word of god. Jul 31, 2016 watch our overview video on the book of haggai, which breaks down the literary design of the book and its flow of thought.
Hills commentary on haggai, zechariah and malachi is part of several replacement volumes in the tyndale old testament commentary series under the editorship of david g. Paul house argues that the first six books, hosea to micah have sin as their theme. Nahum, habakkuk, and zephaniah emphasize punishment while haggai, zechariah, and malachi focus on restoration. This is because the structure of the old testament is very symmetrical. These people say, the time has not yet come to rebuild the lords house. No one could mistake whether or not his direction had been followedthe results would. Haggai, book ofcommentaries, commentaries old testament. Haggai, zechariah and malachi apollos old testament. Book of haggai overview insight for living ministries.
The background material found in the introduction to the commentary is quite interesting, and i would recommend reading it prior to studying the verseby. Understanding the book of haggai in the bible old testament. Book of haggai read, study bible verses online bible study tools. In this book, haggai challenges israel after the exile to remain faithful to their god and rebuild the temple. The old testament book of haggai reminds gods people that he is their first priority in life.
Hill has already contributed a technical treatment of malachi in the anchor bible commentary series, and his high level of scholarship comes through with. It consists of two short chapters that entail haggai s four prophecies and a message that urges the people of jerusalem to rebuild their temple. Watch our overview video on the book of haggai, which breaks down the literary design of the book and its flow of thought. Zephaniahs message of judgment and encouragement contains three major. It is the tenth of the socalled minor or shorter prophets, the twelve books that make up the final portion of the old testament in protestant bibles. Like nehemiah who came much later to jerusalem, haggai was a man of action. David pawson teaching trust 2019 while some prophets had a lifetime of prophesying, david pawson says that haggai spoke for only 3 months. Haggai clearly shows the consequences of disobedience 1. A call to build the house of the lord in the second year of king darius, on the first day of the sixth month, the word of the lord came through the prophet haggai to zerubbabel son of shealtiel, governor of judah, and to joshua son of jozadak, the high priest. The book of haggai is a book of the tanakh hebrew bible and of the old testament, written by the prophet haggai. Beuken has argued that haggai and zechariah 18 were edited in a chronistic milieu. The books of haggai and malachi the new international. Haggai is second only to obadiah in brevity among the books of the old testament.
Haggai wrote for jews who were rebuilding the temple in jerusalem, following the exile. He also pointed out when the people turned away from god, their needs were not met, but when they honored god, they prospered. The historical setting dates around 520 bc before the temple has been rebuilt. Van gorder haggai this prophet, whose name means festive or festival of the lord, was the first of the postexile prophets. After thousands of years, the book of haggai remains largely unique among the books of old testament prophets for one key reason. Five major books gendeut then 12 historic books 9 preexilic and 3 postexilic. Intended primarily to serve the needs of those who preach from the old testament, they are equally suitable for use by scholars and all serious students of the bible. Book of zechariah, the 11th of 12 old testament books that bear the names of the minor prophets, collected in the jewish canon in one book, the twelve. Haggai was the first prophetic voice to be heard after the babylonian captivity. Old testament books table of the 39 books of the old. The book of haggai, the 10th of 12 old testament books that bear the names of the minor prophets. His message was largely positive, encouraging his hearers. The book of haggai offers future hope and encourages. The book of zephaniah was written during the reign of king josiah, likely in the early part of his reign, between 635 and 625 bc.
The books of ezra and nehemiah are also key literary sources on the restoration of the jewish religious community. King cyrus of persia had issued an edict in 53837 bc for the jews to return to judah. Haggai is known only from this book as well as two references to him in the book of ezra. Haggai is the thirtyseventh book of the old testament. God gives his followers wisdom and energy to do the work he assigns them. That search may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers. There are many commentaries about haggai, zechariah and malachi available at this moment but haggai, zechariah and malachi of the apollos old testament commentary series is a step above the rest. Dec 12, 2018 all of this is recorded in the 37th book of the old testament. Haggai is the tenth of the minor prophets, the last 12 books of the old testament. Because his name means festal one, it is suggested that haggai was born on a feast day. Cyrus also wanted the temple in jerusalem to be built, so that the worship there could be begun again. In just 23 days haggai inspired the people back to work on the temple, after a delay of 14. Next to obadiah, haggai is the shortest book in the old testament, containing but two chapters comprised of a total of 38 verses.
The book of haggai, also called the prophecy of aggeus, the 10th of 12 old testament books that bear the names of the minor prophets. He came after the exile, so his job was to encourage. Summary of the book of haggai the story of the bible. The author of the first five old testament books is believed to be moses. Apart from obadiah, haggai is the shortest book in the ot, but its teachings are none the less significant. Haggai sought to challenge the people of god concerning their priorities.
He called them to reverence and glorify god by building the temple in spite of local and official opposition. Book of haggai simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. About 50,000 jews had come back from babylon after 70 years of captivity. The book of haggai is one of the minor prophets in the christian old testament and jewish tanakh. The messages of the three prophets haggai, zechariah, and malachi were given during the time of ezra and nehemiah. Haggai stands at the front of the last division of the old covenant books. Haggai is the second shortest book in the old testament obadiah is shorter, and is quoted by the new testament once compare heb. Apollos old testament commentary aotc 9780830825240 by anthony r. Old testament books table of the 39 books of the old testament. It was written in 520 bce, some 18 years after cyrus had taken the kingdom of babylon and made a law in 538 bce, so that the captive jews could return to judea. Obedience brings the encouragement and strength of the spirit of god. Unlocking the old testament part 56 haggai youtube. May 02, 2020 the book of haggai is a reminder of the problems the people of god faced at this time, how the people courageously trusted in god, and how god provided for their needs.
The book of haggai was written in approximately 520 b. Haggai 1 niv a call to build the house of the lord bible gateway. The book of haggai reminds the exiled rebuilders of jerusalem to give god their primary allegiance and not rebel against the covenant like their ancestors. Verhoef, new international commentary on the old testament nicot, eerdmans, 1987, 384 pp. The uncleanness was the reason the land was so unproductive see haggai 2. His writings are the most precisely dated ones in the old testament 1.
This summary of the book of haggai provides information about the title, author s, date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a brief overview, and the chapters of the book of haggai. Verhoef offers a thorough exegesis and exposition of haggai and malachitwo important books of scripture that, unfortunately, are not only little studied but have sometimes been maligned by contemporary scholarshipand stresses the relevance of these. The book of haggai is a book of the hebrew bible or tanakh, and has its place as the thirdtolast of the minor prophets. Leviticus chapter 23 lists the seven festivals and annual holy days, arranged in order of occurrence throughout each year. In this book, haggai challenges israel after the exile to remain faithful.
As you can see from the four columns above, each of the 39 books can be categorized into one genre or literary type. Bible survey haggai hebrew name chahggay festive joy greek name aggaeus greek form of the hebrew author haggai according to tradition date 520 bc approximately theme the rebuilding of the temple types and shadows in haggai jesus is the desire of all nations. He saw the restoration of the temple as necessary for the restoration of the religious practices and a sense of peoplehood after a. It comes from the hebrew word used to picture festive, joyous occasions and is a reference to gods festivals and holy days described in both the old and new testaments. When the babylonians conquered jerusalem in 586 bc, they destroyed the magnificent temple built by king solomon and carried the jews into exile in babylon. It consists of two short chapters that entail haggais four prophecies and a message that urges the people of jerusalem to rebuild their temple. The people felt discouraged because their temple looked unimpressive, but haggai reminded them to keep working and hope in gods promise of a new jerusalem. Both the layperson and the old testament scholar can benefit from reading pieter verhoefs commentary on haggai and malachi. The book of haggai, also known as the book of aggeus, is a book of the hebrew bible or tanakh, and has its place as the thirdtolast of the minor prophets.
Haggai with book summary versebyverse bible commentary. It is a short book, consisting of only two chapters. These last three books of the old testament were all written after the time of the babylonian captivity. The prophets haggai and zechariah played an important role in encouraging the jewish people and their leaders zerubbabel, the governor of judah, and the high priest joshua to return to their homeland and rebuild the jerusalem temple following the babylonian exile. Haggais message to rebuild the temple was passionate, simple, and straightforward haggai 1. These people say, the time has not yet come to rebuild the lord s house. His message was largely positive, encouraging his hearers to not be concerned that the temple was not as. In this case haggai would have been much older than 70 years when he wrote his book. The response is positive and on 6242 the leaders, zerubbabel and joshua, along with the people obeyed the lord and began the work on the temple. The book of haggai is named after its assumed writer, the prophet haggai. The canon of the old testament, its manuscripts, editions and ancient versions are treated in the articles bible. Aug 15, 2018 in this second shortest book of the old testament after obadiah, haggai scolded his countrymen for living in paneled houses while the lords house had fallen into disarray. Books of the bible list order complete new and old testament.
Haggai s message to rebuild the temple was passionate, simple, and straightforward haggai 1. The second part of christian bibles is the new testament, written in the koine. Intro to haggai biblica the international bible society. Now the acts of david the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of samuel the seer, and in the book of nathan the prophet, and in the book of gad the seer, haggai 1. Some old testament scholars have argued that there is an overall structure to minor prophets.
Only chapters 18 contain the prophecies of zechariah. It was written in 520 bce some 18 years after cyrus had conquered babylon and issued a decree in 538 bce allowing the captive jews to return to judea. All of this is recorded in the 37th book of the old testament. His word came in visions, oracles, dreams, parables, and the like. When the people give priority to god and his house, they are blessed rather than cursed cf.